English Research Paper: How To Use Ampalaya As A Tablet

Introduction

This Research Paper can give you some idea about the diabetes and ampalaya tablets and also can give you a idea to how ampalaya helps to cure a diabetes. We all known that ampalaya vegetables are rich in vitamins and minerals it is one of our main vegetable that are uses for medicinal purposes, and one of those medicinal purposes is to help diabetic person in there fight against diabetes.

Modern medicine, with its arsenal of manufactured drugs and advanced technological devices, presents a big disparity from the folk traditional healing with the use of medicinal plants through comparison of their practices and principles.Suffused in the concept of modernity is the idea of efficiency in treatment, reproducibility of medications and predictability of results; as such, modern practitioners have criticized traditional medicine as inferior.However, high cost of modern medicine, especially those manufactured abroad, and their unavailability in remote areas led to the continued dependence of rural folks on medicinal plants as their primary therapeutic means and has resulted in the need to re-evaluate the potential of these medicinal plants as an alternative treatment resource.

The Philippines is endowed with rich and varied flora, which are known to have medicinal properties since ancient times. The native herb doctor or “albularyo” of olden times were skilled in the use of local plants to cure varied illnesses. They utilized the different parts of the plant to form decoctions and concoctions and passed this knowledge on folk medicine from one generation to another. To date, “albularyos” and their use of medicinal plants are still widely practiced in rural areas of the country.

In a survey conducted by UPLB in 766 barangays or villages in 12 regions of the country, 1687 plants were found being used “arbularyos”; of such, 120 medicinal plants have been scientifically validated for safety and efficacy and 10 are being endorsed by the DOH as effective therapeutic alternatives to pharmaceutical preparations, the “Sampung Halamang Gamot”. But it is highly possible that there are more plant species that can be classified medicinal given the Philippines’ rich and diverse flora. The engenderment of discipline of ethnopharmacology arises from such thought, and the need for the development of such field. Ethnopharmacology is the interdisciplinary scientific exploration correlating ethnic groups, their health and how it relates to their physical habits and methodology in creating and using medicines.

Despite the need; however, there is yet to be a systematic research strategy towards the identification, characterization and evaluation of such medicinal plants and steps towards resolving this is still primitive.As an initial step; therefore, there is a need to develop a database on medicinal plant utilization and documentation.

STATEMENT OF A PROBLEM

v *How to make tablets?

v *What are the benefits of using tablets?

v *Who are the people that can use tablets?

v *How to market this tablet

A Ampalaya is a very nutritious vegetables, this vegetable have lots of benefits. This tablet will click to the market because it is rich in vitamins and minerals.

1. To determine the most common medicinal plants being prescribed for common disease indications.

2. To determine the parts, formulations and prepartions of medicinal plants being prescribed for common disease inidcations.

3. To identify the plants used by folk herbalists for common disease indications.

ASSUMPTION

How to make a ampalaya Tablet?

How to use a ampalaya Tablets?

Ampalaya tablet is strongly recommended to take at least3 Times a day.

HYPOTHESIS

The older people use ampalaya tablet for a good circulation of a blood. And most of diabetic person are using ampalaya tablet because it is the best way so that there diseases will not get worst.

What are the health benefits of bitter Melon?
With limited scientific supports, bitter melon is general believed to benefit
diabetes. In a study, researchers from University of Bologna, Italy, asked 720
herbalists what herbal remedy that they would recommend to those suffered
from diabetes. They suggested ten herbal remedies and bitter melon is in the
list. [1] According to a review article, bitter melon has been recognized as a
Chinese herbal medicine for diabetes mellitus for centuries. [2] And, it is more
popular in Asia to be used as a natural product for diabetes. [4] Researchers
from Natural Standard, MA, consider bitter melon an alternative therapy that
has primarily been used for lowering blood glucose levels in patients with
diabetes mellitus. Components of bitter melon extract appear to have
structural similarities to animal insulin. Bitter melon has been shown to have
anti-viral and anti-neoplastic activities. [3] Small trials have shown the
moderate hypoglycemic effect of bitter melon juice, fruit or its dried powder.

What are other health benefits of bitter melon?
Boiled bitter melon extracts show anti-oxidant activities. Extracts from bitter
melon (Momordica charantia, Cucurbitaceae) showed a significant difference in
the free radical scavenging activity between the extract obtained by using
cold maceration and that prepared by boiling the plant in the solvent under
reflux, suggesting the chemical composition of the plant changed during the
heating process, leading to an increase in the amount of antioxidant
components. [5]

Bitter melon may also have benefits of lipid-lowering activities. Researchers
have shown the hypolipidemic effect of dietary methanol fraction (BMMF)
extracted from bitter melon (Koimidori variety), at the levels of 0.5% and
1.0%, in male golden Syrian hamsters. [6] The results of another study have
clearly shown that that bitter melon, especially Koimidori variety, exhibited a
potent liver triglyceride-lowering activity. The triglyceride lowering activity was
furthermore confirmed by the dose-dependent reduction of hepatic
triglyceride, resulting the lowest level in rats fed 3.0% supplementation. [9]

Bitter melon extracts may provide benefits for cancers as they have shown
anti-cancer activities in a study of Swiss albino mice. A significant decrease in
tumor burden was observed in short and long-term treatment. Also, total
tumor incidence reduced to 83.33% with 2.5% dose and 90.90% with 5%
dose in short term treatment, while in long-term treatment tumor incidence
decreased to 76.92% with 2.5% dose and 69.23% with 5% dose of bitter
melon. [7] Seed oil from bitter melon (Momordica charantia), which is rich in
cis(c)9, trans(t)11, t13-conjugated linolenic acid, has been shown to inhibit the
development of azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci. Seed oil
from bitter melon rich in t13-conjugated linolenic acid can suppress
azoxymethane -induced colon carcinogenesis and the inhibition might be
caused, in part, by modification of lipid composition in the colon and liver
and/or increased expression of PPARgamma protein level in the colon mucosa.
[8]

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Ampalaya or Bitter Melon?
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is actually a member of the squash family
and resembles a cucumber with bumpy skin. When first picked, a bitter melon
is yellow-green, but as it ripens, it turns to a yellow-orange color. The inside of
the melon is filled with fibrous seeds.

Momordica charantia is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown for edible fruit, which is among the most bitter of all vegetables. English names for the plant and its fruit include bitter melon or bitter gourd (translated from Chinese: 苦瓜; pinyin: kǔguā), and goya from Japanese).

The original home of the species is not known, other than that it is a native of the tropics. It is widely grown in India and other parts of the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, China, Africa, and the Caribbean.

Tablet- A disc-Shaped or Cylindrical pills.

Diabetes mellitus (pronounced /ˌdaɪ.əˈbiːtiːz/ or /ˌdaɪ.əˈbiːtɨs/; /mɨˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlɨtəs/)—often referred to as diabetes—is a condition in which the body either does not produce enough, or does not properly respond to, insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreas. Insulin enables cells to absorb glucose in order to turn it into energy. This causes glucose to accumulate in the blood (hyperglycemia), leading to various potential complications.

Many types of diabetes are recognized: The principal three are:

• Type 1: Results from the body’s failure to produce insulin. It is estimated that 5–10% of Americans who are diagnosed with diabetes have type 1 diabetes. Presently most persons with type 1 diabetes take insulin injections.

• Type 2: Results from insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly, sometimes combined with absolute insulin deficiency. Most Americans who are diagnosed with diabetes have type 2 diabetes.

• Gestational diabetes: Pregnant women who have never had diabetes before but who have high blood sugar (glucose) levels during pregnancy are said to have gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes affects about 4% of all pregnant women. It may precede development of type 2 (or rarely type 1) DM.

  

Other forms of diabetes mellitus are categorized separately from these. Examples include congenital diabetes due to genetic defects of insulin secretion, cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, steroid diabetes induced by high doses of glucocorticoids, and several forms of monogenic diabetes.

All forms of diabetes have been treatable since insulin became medically available in 1921, but a cure is difficult. Pancreas transplants have been tried with limited success in type 1 DM; gastric bypass surgery has been successful in many with morbid obesity and type 2 DM; and gestational diabetes usually resolves after delivery. Diabetes without proper treatments can cause many complications. Acute complications include hypoglycemia, diabetic ketoacidosis, or nonketotic hyperosmolar coma. Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, chronic renal failure, retinal damage. Adequate treatment of diabetes is thus important, as well as blood pressure control and lifestyle factors such as smoking cesation and maintaining a healthy body weight.

As of 2000 at least 171 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes, or 2.8% of the population.

SLOPE AND LIMITATION

Tablet are the list of the ingredients of the ampalaya tablet, the brand name and the sadness where it came from.

The limitations are it usually use for the diabetic patient only.

SIGNIFICANT OF A STUDY

Cause

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas to control blood sugar. Diabetes can be caused by too little insulin, resistance to insulin, or both.

To understand diabetes, it is important to first understand the normal process by which food is broken down and used by the body for energy. Several things happen when food is digested:

• A sugar called glucose enters the bloodstream. Glucose is a source of fuel for the body.
• An organ called the pancreas makes insulin. The role of insulin is to move glucose from the bloodstream into muscle, fat, and liver cells, where it can be used as fuel.

People with diabetes have high blood sugar. This is because:

• Their pancreas does not make enough insulin
• Their muscle, fat, and liver cells do not respond to insulin normally
• Both of the above

There are three major types of diabetes:

• Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood. Many patients are diagnosed when they are older than age 20. In this disease, the body makes little or no insulin. Daily injections of insulin are needed. The exact cause is unknown. Genetics, viruses, and autoimmune problems may play a role.
• Type 2 diabetes is far more common than type 1. It makes up most of diabetes cases. It usually occurs in adulthood, but young people are increasingly being diagnosed with this disease. The pancreas does not make enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal, often because the body does not respond well to insulin. Many people with type 2 diabetes do not know they have it, although it is a serious condition. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more common due to increasing obesity and failure to exercise.
• Gestational diabetes is high blood glucose that develops at any time during pregnancy in a woman who does not have diabetes. Women who have gestational diabetes are at high risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life.

Diabetes affects more than 20 million Americans. Over 40 million Americans have prediabetes (early type 2 diabetes).

There are many risk factors for type 2 diabetes, including:

• Age over 45 years
• A parent, brother, or sister with diabetes
• Gestational diabetes or delivering a baby weighing more than 9 pounds
• Heart disease
• High blood cholesterol level
• Obesity
• Not getting enough exercise
• Polycystic ovary disease (in women)
• Previous impaired glucose tolerance
• Some ethnic groups (particularly African Americans, Native Americans, Asians, Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic Americans)

Symptoms

High blood levels of glucose can cause several problems, including:

• Blurry vision
• Excessive thirst
• Fatigue
• Frequent urination
• Hunger
• Weight loss

However, because type 2 diabetes develops slowly, some people with high blood sugar experience no symptoms at all.

Symptoms of type 1 diabetes:

• Fatigue
• Increased thirst
• Increased urination
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Weight loss in spite of increased appetite

Patients with type 1 diabetes usually develop symptoms over a short period of time. The condition is often diagnosed in an emergency setting.

Symptoms of type 2 diabetes:

• Blurred vision
• Fatigue
• Increased appetite
• Increased thirst
• Increased urination

Exams and Tests

A urine analysis may be used to look for glucose and ketones from the breakdown of fat. However, a urine test alone does not diagnose diabetes.

The following blood tests are used to diagnose diabetes:

• Fasting blood glucose level -- diabetes is diagnosed if higher than 126 mg/dL on two occasions. Levels between 100 and 126 mg/dL are referred to as impaired fasting glucose or prediabetes. These levels are considered to be risk factors for type 2 diabetes and its complications.
• Oral glucose tolerance test -- diabetes is diagnosed if glucose level is higher than 200 mg/dL after 2 hours. (This test is used more for type 2 diabetes.)
• Random (non-fasting) blood glucose level -- diabetes is suspected if higher than 200 mg/dL and accompanied by the classic diabetes symptoms of increased thirst, urination, and fatigue. (This test must be confirmed with a fasting blood glucose test.)

Persons with diabetes need to have their hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level checked every 3 - 6 months. The HbA1c is a measure of average blood glucose during the previous 2 - 3 months. It is a very helpful way to determine how well treatment is working.

Treatment

The immediate goals are to treat diabetic ketoacidosis and high blood glucose levels. Because type 1 diabetes can start suddenly and have severe symptoms, people who are newly diagnosed may need to go to the hospital.

The long-term goals of treatment are to:

• Prolong life
• Reduce symptoms
• Prevent diabetes-related complications such as blindness, heart disease, kidney failure, and amputation of limbs

These goals are accomplished through:

• Blood pressure and cholesterol control
• Careful self testing of blood glucose levels
• Education
• Exercise
• Foot care
• Meal planning and weight control
• Medication or insulin use

There is no cure for diabetes. Treatment involves medicines, diet, and exercise to control blood sugar and prevent symptoms.

LEARN THESE SKILLS

Basic diabetes management skills will help prevent the need for emergency care. These skills include:

• How to recognize and treat low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia)
• What to eat and when
• How to take insulin or oral medication
• How to test and record blood glucose
• How to test urine for ketones (type 1 diabetes only)
• How to adjust insulin or food intake when changing exercise and eating habits
• How to handle sick days
• Where to buy diabetes supplies and how to store them

After you learn the basics of diabetes care, learn how the disease can cause long-term health problems and the best ways to prevent these problems. Review and update your knowledge, because new research and improved ways to treat diabetes are constantly being developed.

SELF-TESTING

If you have diabetes, your doctor may tell you to regularly check your blood sugar levels at home. There are a number of devices available, and they use only a drop of blood. Self-monitoring tells you how well diet, medication, and exercise are working together to control your diabetes. It can help your doctor prevent complications.

The American Diabetes Association recommends keeping blood sugar levels in the range of:

• 80 - 120 mg/dL before meals
• 100 - 140 mg/dL at bedtime

Your doctor may adjust this depending on your circumstances.

WHAT TO EAT

You should work closely with your health care provider to learn how much fat, protein, and carbohydrates you need in your diet. A registered dietician can help you plan your dietary needs.

People with type 1 diabetes should eat at about the same times each day and try to be consistent with the types of food they choose. This helps to prevent blood sugar from becoming extremely high or low.

People with type 2 diabetes should follow a well-balanced and low-fat diet.

See: Diabetes diet

HOW TO TAKE MEDICATION

Medications to treat diabetes include insulin and glucose-lowering pills called oral hypoglycemic drugs.

People with type 1 diabetes cannot make their own insulin. They need daily insulin injections. Insulin does not come in pill form. Injections are generally needed one to four times per day. Some people use an insulin pump. It is worn at all times and delivers a steady flow of insulin throughout the day. Other people may use inhaled insulin. See also: Type 1 diabetes

Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes may respond to treatment with exercise, diet, and medicines taken by mouth. There are several types of medicines used to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes. See also: Type 2 diabetes

Medications may be switched to insulin during pregnancy and while breastfeeding.

Gestational diabetes may be treated with exercise and changes in diet.

EXERCISE

Regular exercise is especially important for people with diabetes. It helps with blood sugar control, weight loss, and high blood pressure. People with diabetes who exercise are less likely to experience a heart attack or stroke than those who do not exercise regularly.

Here are some exercise considerations:

• Always check with your doctor before starting a new exercise program.
• Ask your doctor or nurse if you have the right footwear.
• Choose an enjoyable physical activity that is appropriate for your current fitness level.
• Exercise every day, and at the same time of day, if possible.
• Monitor blood glucose levels before and after exercise.
• Carry food that contains a fast-acting carbohydrate in case you become hypoglycemic during or after exercise.
• Carry a diabetes identification card and a cell phone in case of emergency.
• Drink extra fluids that do not contain sugar before, during, and after exercise.

You may need to change your diet or medication dose if you change your exercise intensity or duration to keep blood sugar levels from going too high or low.

FOOT CARE

People with diabetes are more likely to have foot problems. Diabetes can damage blood vessels and nerves and decrease the body’s ability to fight infection. You may not notice a foot injury until an infection develops. Death of skin and other tissue can occur.

If left untreated, the affected foot may need to be amputated. Diabetes is the most common condition leading to amputations.

To prevent injury to the feet, check and care for your feet every day.

Bitter Melon and Diabetes

Bitter Melon is the English name of Momordica charantia. Bitter Melon is also known by the names Karela and Bitter gourd. Bitter Melon grows in tropical areas, including parts of East Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and South America, where it is used as a food as well as a medicine. It is a green cucumber shaped fruit with gourd-like bumps all over it. It looks like an ugly, light green cucumber. The fruit should be firm, like a cucumber. And it tastes very bitter. Although the seeds, leaves, and vines of Bitter Melon have all been used, the fruit is the safest and most prevalent part of the plant used medicinally. The leaves and fruit have both been used occasionally to make teas and beer, or to season soups in the Western world.

The blood lowering action of the fresh juice of the unripe Bitter Melon has been confirmed in scientific studies in animals and humans. At least three different groups of constituents in Bitter Melon have been reported to have hypoglycemic (blood sugar lowering) or other actions of potential benefit in diabetes mellitus. These include a mixture of steroidal saponins known as charantin, insulin-like peptides, and alkaloids. It is still unclear which of these is most effective or if all three work together. Nonetheless, Bitter Melon preparations have been shown to significantly improve glucose tolerance without increasing blood insulin levels, and to improve fasting blood glucose levels.

Rich in iron, bitter melon has twice the beta carotene of broccoli, twice the calcium of spinach, twice the potassium of bananas, and contains vitamins C and B 1 to 3, phosphorus and good dietary fiber. It is believed to be good for the liver and has been proven by western scientists to contain insulin, act as an anti-tumor agent, and inhibit HIV-1 infection.

At least 32 active constituents have been identified in bitter melon so far, including beta-sitosterol-d-glucoside, citrulline, GABA, lutein, lycopene and zeaxanthin. Nutritional analysis reveals that bitter melon is also rich in potassium, calcium, iron, beta-carotene, vitamins B1, B2, B3 and C.